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Enoshima (Enoshima) is a land-tied island in Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture, and the town name refers to the entire island. It belongs to the Katase district (former Katase town area). There are Enoshima 1-chome and Enoshima 2-chome, and the address indication is implemented in the whole area. The zip code is 251-0036 (Fujisawa Post Office District).
geography
Aerial photo of the whole island. Created based on aerial photographs provided by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism As of May 2009, the sand spit has moved slightly to the right (east) of the photograph.
Enoshima, Sagami Bay and Mt.Fuji from Miura Peninsula
It juts out from the Shonan coast into Sagami Bay. It has been a scenic spot since ancient times, and is designated as a historical site and scenic spot by Kanagawa Prefecture, and one of Japan's 100 most scenic spots. Enoshima is often written as the name of a transportation station, but it is written as 'Enoshima' in town names and official documents. In the old days, it was sometimes written as 'Eshima' as represented by Enoshima Shrine (one of Japan's three major benten shrines). In addition, it is often recognized as a place name not only for land-tied islands but also for the whole area including Katase and the southern part of the Kugenuma district on the opposite shore.
Geology and topography[edit]
It is a land-tied island with a circumference of 4km and an altitude of 60m. Similar to Miura Hills and Tama Hills, it is a geological feature in which the Kanto loam layer sits on top of Tertiary tuff.
In ancient times, a sand spit called Subana appeared only at low tide and was connected to the Shonan coast on the opposite shore, allowing people to walk across (Tidal Island). After the whole rises, it is almost continuous with the ground. The shape of the estuary of the Katase River on the opposite shore has changed with the times, and there are times when it was flooded only at high tide, and times when it was always connected to land. , The position of the sand spit on the Enoshima side has moved slightly to the east since the early 2000s, and is submerged at high tide).
The island is surrounded by sheer sea cliffs, and the southern part of the island, which is particularly strongly affected by the waves, develops a sea erosion platform (wave erosion platform) at the bottom. In 1923 (Taisho 12), a sea erosion table appeared on the sea surface due to the upheaval of the Kanto Earthquake, and it became an uplifted sea erosion table (rock ledge). It provides a place for tourists to rest, play on the beach, and fish from the rock. At the bottom of the sea cliff, erosion due to waves progresses along weak lines such as fault lines, and there is a place where sea caves can be seen, called 'Iwaya'. As erosion progresses further, the sea cave collapses and forms a large valley-like landform. In the central part of Enoshima, erosion progresses from the north and south, and there is a landform that divides the island, and is called "two mountains". The eastern part is called 'Higashiyama' and the western part is called 'Nishiyama'. In the northeastern part of Higashiyama, three parallel northwest-southeast faults and a perpendicular fault are assumed, complicating the topography and geology.
Climate and vegetation[edit]
The upper part of the island is covered with an evergreen broadleaf forest called evergreen forest. In 1988, this forest was selected as one of Kanagawa's 50 most beautiful forests. Major tree species include sudajii, tabunoki, camphor, thicket camellia, fatsia, and aoki. Many kinds of ferns can be seen on the forest floor, in addition to Japanese silverleaf.
From 1979 (Showa 54) to 1991 (Heisei 3), an AMeDAS observation point was placed in Enoshima, and according to records at that time, the temperature was about 1°C higher than the land area in Fujisawa City. is affected by the surrounding sea surface temperature. It is characterized by a small temperature range and a relatively large amount of precipitation, which is called an oceanic climate. The prevailing wind direction is south-southwest, and the wind blow flatness of the plants is remarkable in the "two mountains" that are the path of the wind. Vegetation is scarce in the lower part of islands with many sea cliffs. Because it is constantly exposed to the sea breeze, a limited number of species with high salt and drought resistance such as Anemone, Hachijousuki, and Raseitaso can be seen. Highly salt-tolerant tree species such as Tobera and Syringa are also selected for artificial planting in the eastern landfill. Some of the tropical and subtropical exotic plants planted in the Cocking Botanical Garden, which was opened using the warm climate, and the Enoshima Botanical Garden, which uses the former site, are rooted in the climate of Enoshima and grow and flourish. There are many examples. Four of them are designated as natural monuments of Fujisawa City.
A pod of dolphins has settled in the area, and on rare occasions whales can be spotted offshore.
